What are the types of infections and window period and How are Transmitted?

HIV Combo (1&2 AB/P24 Ag)

• This is a type of test that can detect both antibodies and antigens to HIV-1 and HIV-2, the viruses that cause AIDS. Antibodies are proteins that the body produces to fight infections. Antigens are parts of the virus that trigger the immune response
• Window period: The window period for HIV Combo (1&2 AB/P24 Ag) is the time between exposure and when a test can detect the infection in your body. The window period  is about 20 days after exposure. This means that the test can detect 99% of infections within these time frames. However, some people may take longer to develop antibodies or antigens, so a negative result does not rule out HIV infection. A confirmatory test is needed to verify a positive result.
• Transmission: HIV Combo (1&2 AB/P24 Ag) can detect both HIV-1 and HIV-2, which are transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusion, sharing needles or syringes, or mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding. The virus can be found in semen (cum), vaginal fluids, blood, breast milk and other body fluids of an infected person. The infection can affect anyone who has unprotected sex or shares injection equipment with an infected person

Hepatitis B Virus (HBsAg)

• This is a type of virus that can cause liver infection and damage. It can be acute or chronic. Chronic hepatitis B can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer or liver failure. 
• Window period: The window period for Hepatitis B Virus (HBsAg) is the time between exposure and when a test can detect the infection in your body. The window period depends on the type of test and the stage of the infection. The most common type of test for Hepatitis B Virus (HBsAg) is a surface antigen test, which detects the presence of HBsAg in your blood. HBsAg is a protein that the virus produces and releases into your bloodstream The window period for a surface antigen test is about 2 to 9 weeks after exposure, with an average of 4 weeks
• Transmission: Hepatitis B Virus (HBsAg) can be transmitted through contact with infected blood or other body fluids, such as semen, vaginal fluids, saliva or breast milk. The virus can be spread through sexual contact, sharing needles or syringes, blood transfusion, organ transplant, tattooing, piercing or mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding. The virus can also be spread through contact with contaminated objects or surfaces, such as razors, toothbrushes, scissors or medical equipment. The virus can survive outside the body for at least 7 days and still cause infection

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV ab)

• This is a type of test that can detect antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV), the virus that causes liver infection and damage. It can be acute or chronic. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer or liver failure
• Window period: The window period for HCV AB is the time between exposure and when a test can detect the infection in your body. The window period depends on the type of test and the stage of the infection. The most common type of test for HCV AB is an antibody test, which detects the presence of antibodies to HCV in your blood. Antibodies are proteins that your immune system produces to fight the infection. The window period for an antibody test is about 8 to 11 weeks after exposure, with a reported range of 2 weeks to 6 months12.
• Transmission: HCV AB can detect both acute and chronic hepatitis C, which are transmitted through contact with infected blood or other body fluids, such as semen, vaginal fluids, saliva or breast milk. The virus can be spread through sexual contact, sharing needles or syringes, blood transfusion, organ transplant, tattooing, piercing or mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding. The virus can also be spread through contact with contaminated objects or surfaces, such as razors, toothbrushes, scissors or medical equipment.

Syphilis (VDRL)

• This is a type of test that can detect antibodies to Treponema pallidum, the bacteria that causes syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can cause serious health problems if left untreated
• Window period: The window period for VDRL is the time between exposure and when a test can detect the infection in your body. The window period depends on the type of test and the stage of the infection. The most common type of test for VDRL is a nontreponemal test, which detects antibodies to cardiolipin, a substance released by damaged cells during syphilis infection. The window period for a nontreponemal test is about 1 to 2 weeks after chancre formation, which is the first sign of syphilis infection
• Transmission: VDRL can detect both primary and secondary syphilis, which are transmitted through sexual contact or mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy or birth. The bacteria pass from an infected person to an uninfected person during sex, in semen (cum) and vaginal fluids. The infection can affect both men and women, but it is more common in men who have sex with men (MSM). The infection can also be passed from a mouth or anus to another mouth or anus. It is not common for the bacteria to infect other body parts, such as the hands, eyes or brain

Herpes Simplex I and II

• These are viral infections that cause blisters or sores on or around the mouth (oral herpes) or the genitals (genital herpes).
• They can be transmitted through sexual contact, oral sex, or skin-to-skin contact with an infected person.
• The window period for herpes simplex is the time between exposure and when a test can detect the infection in your body . The window period for a NAAT, which detects the DNA of the virus is about 2 to 12 days after exposure. 

Chlamydia Trachomatis

• This is a bacterial infection that can cause discharge, burning, itching, and pain during sex or urination in the genitals or urinary tract. It can also cause complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or eye infections.
• It can be transmitted through sexual contact or mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy or birth. 
• The window period for chlamydia trachomatis is the time between exposure and when a test can detect the infection in your body. The window period which detects the DNA of the bacteria. A NAAT can be performed on urine samples. The window period for a NAAT using urine is about 1 to 2 weeks after exposure. 

Neisseria Gonorrhoea

• This is a bacterial infection that can cause discharge, burning, itching, and pain during sex or urination in the genitals or urinary tract. It can also cause complications such as PID, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or eye infections. 
• It can be transmitted through sexual contact or mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy or birth. 
• The window period for neisseria gonorrhoea is the time between exposure and when a test can detect the infection in your body. The window period  which detects the DNA of neisseria gonorrhoea using urine is about 1 to 2 weeks after exposure

Trichomonas Vaginalis

• This is a parasitic infection that can cause discharge, burning, itching, and pain during sex or urination in the genitals or urinary tract. It can also cause complications such as PID, infertility, ectopic pregnancy
• Trichonomas Vaginalis can be transmitted through sexual contact or mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy or birth. The parasite passes from an infected person to an uninfected person during sex, in semen (cum) and vaginal fluids. The infection can affect both men and women, but it is more common in women

Ureaplasma Parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum

These are types of bacteria that can cause infections in the genitals or urinary tract. They can also cause complications such as PID, infertility, ectopic pregnancy or eye infections. Here is a summary of the information you requested:

• Window period: The window period for Ureaplasma Parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum is the time between exposure and when a test can detect the infection in your body.  The window period for a culture is about 1 to 2 weeks after exposure

Mycoplasma Hominis and Mycoplasma Genitalium

• These are types of bacteria that can cause infections in the genitals or urinary tract. They can also cause complications such as PID, infertility, ectopic pregnancy or eye infections
• Window period: The window period for Mycoplasma Hominis and Mycoplasma Genitalium is the time between exposure and when a test can detect the infection in your body. The window period depends on the type of test and the sample used. The most common type of test for Mycoplasma Hominis and Mycoplasma Genitalium is a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), which detects the DNA of the bacteria. A NAAT can be performed on urine  is about 2 weeks after exposure or sooner if symptoms persist or exposure occurs1.
• Transmission: Mycoplasma Hominis and Mycoplasma Genitalium can be transmitted through sexual contact or mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy or birth. The bacteria pass from an infected person to an uninfected person during sex, in semen (cum) and vaginal fluids. The infection can affect both men and women, but it is more common in women.

Haemophilus Dacreyi

• This is a type of bacteria that can cause chancroid, a sexually transmitted infection that causes painful ulcers on the genitals or anus. It can also cause complications such as inguinal lymphadenitis (swelling of the lymph nodes in the groin), genital scarring, or increased risk of HIV infection
• Window period: The window period for Haemophilus Dacreyi is the time between exposure and when a test can detect the infection in your body. The window period depends on the type of test and the sample used. The most common type of test for Haemophilus Dacreyi is a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), which detects the DNA of the bacteria is about 2 to 12 days after exposure
• Transmission: Haemophilus Dacreyi can be transmitted through sexual contact or skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. The bacteria enter the skin through microabrasions incurred during sexual intercourse or contact with open lesions and exudates from lymph nodes. The infection can affect both men and women, but it is more common in men

Gardnerella Vaginalis

• This is a type of bacteria that can cause bacterial vaginosis (BV), a common vaginal infection that causes discharge, odor, itching, and burning. It can also cause complications such as PID, infertility, ectopic pregnancy or increased risk of HIV infection
• Window period: The window period for Gardnerella Vaginalis is the time between exposure and when a test can detect the infection in your body. The window period for a NAAT is about 2 weeks after exposure or sooner if symptoms persist or exposure occurs. .
• Transmission: Gardnerella Vaginalis can be transmitted through sexual contact or non-sexual contact with an infected person. The bacteria pass from an infected person to an uninfected person during sex, in semen (cum) and vaginal fluids. The infection can affect both men and women, but it is more common in women.

Candida Albicans

• This is a type of fungus that can cause infections in the mouth, throat, vagina, skin or other parts of the body. It can also cause complications such as oral or esophageal cancer, bloodstream infections or increased risk of HIV infection
• Window period: The window period for Candida Albicans is the time between exposure and when a test can detect the infection in your body. The window period depends on the type of test and the sample used. Test for Candida Albicans is a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), which detects the DNA of the fungus. A NAAT performed on urine samples . The window period for a NAAT is about 2 to 12 days after exposure.
• Transmission: Candida Albicans can be transmitted through contact with an infected person or contaminated objects or surfaces. The fungus can be found on the skin, mucous membranes, and in the digestive tract of healthy people. It can also be present in the environment, such as in soil, water, air or food. The infection can occur when the fungus overgrows due to a weakened immune system, antibiotic use, hormonal changes, diabetes, or other factors that disrupt the normal balance of microorganisms in the body . The infection can also be spread through sexual contact, oral sex, or sharing personal items such as toothbrushes, dentures, razors, or clothing.

Treponema Pallidum

• This is a type of bacteria that can cause syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can cause serious health problems if left untreated
• Window period: The window period for Treponema Pallidum is the time between exposure and when a test can detect the infection in your body. The window period depends on the type of test and the stage of the infection. The most common type of test for Treponema Pallidum is a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), which detects the DNA of the bacteria. A NAAT performed on urine samples. The window period for a NAAT is about 3 to 6 weeks after exposure.
• Transmission: Treponema Pallidum can be transmitted through sexual contact or mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy or birth. The bacteria pass from an infected person to an uninfected person during sex, in semen (cum) and vaginal fluids. The infection can affect both men and women, but it is more common in men who have sex with men (MSM). The infection can also be passed from a mouth or anus to another mouth or anus. It is not common for the bacteria to infect other body parts, such as the hands, eyes or brain.